Kansas Cosmetology Practice Exam

What ingredient is often found in exfoliating products?

1. Glycolic acid

2. Salicylic acid

3. Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)

4. Retinol

The correct answer is: Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA)

Alpha hydroxy acid (AHA) is a common ingredient in exfoliating products due to its ability to help shed dead skin cells and promote cell turnover. AHAs are water-soluble acids that derive from fruits and milk, which makes them effective for improving skin texture, hydration, and radiance. They work by loosening the bonds that hold dead skin cells together on the surface, allowing for easier sloughing off of these cells. This process can lead to a smoother, brighter complexion and can also help improve the appearance of fine lines and uneven pigmentation. While glycolic acid and salicylic acid are also popular exfoliating agents used in various skincare products—glycolic being an AHA and salicylic being a beta hydroxy acid (BHA)—the term "alpha hydroxy acid" encompasses a group that specifically includes glycolic acid among others. Retinol, on the other hand, is a form of vitamin A primarily used for its anti-aging effects and is not categorized as an exfoliating acid; it influences skin cell turnover in a different manner. Thus, the choice of alpha hydroxy acid as the answer underscores its broad application in exfoliation within the skincare industry.