What does hyperpigmentation refer to?

Hyperpigmentation refers to the darkening of certain areas of the skin, which can occur due to various factors such as sun exposure, hormonal changes, or skin injuries. This condition results in the overproduction of melanin, the pigment responsible for the color of the skin, leading to darkened patches. Recognizing hyperpigmentation is important for cosmetologists because it affects skin appearance and can influence treatment options aimed at achieving a more even skin tone.

The other options refer to different skin conditions or characteristics. Redness of the skin is typically associated with inflammation or irritation. Skin flakiness denotes dryness or a condition leading to the shedding of skin, while increased moisture in the skin pertains to hydration levels rather than pigmentation. Therefore, the definition and characteristics of hyperpigmentation are accurately captured by identifying it as darkened patches on the skin.