What causes split ends in hair?

Split ends, also known as trichoptilosis, occur primarily due to damage from heat, chemicals, and physical stress. Each of these factors contributes to the deterioration of the hair's structure. When hair is exposed to high temperatures from styling tools, it can lead to weakening and breakage. Likewise, harsh chemicals from coloring, perming, or relaxing treatments can strip the hair of its natural oils and proteins, leaving it vulnerable to splits. Physical stress, such as excessive brushing or using tight hairstyles, can also cause mechanical damage.

Maintaining healthy hair involves minimizing exposure to these damaging factors. Regular conditioning and using protective products can help mitigate damage, but once split ends occur, the only remedy is to trim them off. Other factors mentioned, like excessive moisture, infrequent haircuts, or using the wrong shampoo, may influence the overall health and appearance of hair but do not directly cause split ends in the same damaging way that heat, chemicals, and physical stress do.